Studies indicate that exposure to pollutant agents such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) may trigger inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress, contributing to the severity of autoimmune skin diseases. Furthermore, the potential for air pollution to disrupt skin barrier function and microbial composition is explored. Given the increasing prevalence of air pollution in urban areas, including Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, which ranked as one of the most polluted cities in the world. The aim of this review is to understand the impact of air pollution on autoimmune skin diseases, which is critical for developing effective management strategies and public health policies. 

Kesya Kimberly, completed her medical doctor degree at the age of 24, graduating with honors. She has authored and co-authored several publications in both international and local peer-reviewed journals. Her clinical interests lie in general dermatology, with a focus on comprehensive skin health and patient-centered care. She is passionate about integrating scientific rigor with practical clinical application. Driven and detail-oriented, she is committed to continuous professional growth in the field of dermatology.